Fahmi Rizwansyah says:
Greenhouse Gas Overview
Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are often called greenhouse gases. This section of the EPA Climate Change Site provides information and data on emissions of greenhouse gases to Earth’s atmosphere, and also the removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. For more information on the science of climate change, please visit EPA's climate change science home page.
Some greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide occur naturally and are emitted to the atmosphere through natural processes and human activities. Other greenhouse gases (e.g., fluorinated gases) are created and emitted solely through human activities. The principal greenhouse gases that enter the atmosphere because of human activities are:
* Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal), solid waste, trees and wood products, and also as a result of other chemical reactions (e.g., manufacture of cement). Carbon dioxide is also removed from the atmosphere (or “sequestered”) when it is absorbed by plants as part of the biological carbon cycle.
* Methane (CH4): Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from livestock and other agricultural practices and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills.
* Nitrous Oxide (N2O): Nitrous oxide is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste.
* Fluorinated Gases: Hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride are synthetic, powerful greenhouse gases that are emitted from a variety of industrial processes. Fluorinated gases are sometimes used as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances (i.e., CFCs, HCFCs, and halons). These gases are typically emitted in smaller quantities, but because they are potent greenhouse gases, they are sometimes referred to as High Global Warming Potential gases (“High GWP gases”).
Greenhouse Gas Inventories
A greenhouse gas inventory is an accounting of the amount of greenhouse gases emitted to or removed from the atmosphere over a specific period of time (e.g., one year). A greenhouse gas inventory also provides information on the activities that cause emissions and removals, as well as background on the methods used to make the calculations. Policy makers use greenhouse gas inventories to track emission trends, develop strategies and policies and assess progress. Scientists use greenhouse gas inventories as inputs to atmospheric and economic models.
To track the national trend in emissions and removals since 1990, EPA develops the official U.S. greenhouse gas inventory each year. The national greenhouse gas inventory is submitted to the United Nations in accordance with the Framework Convention on Climate Change Exit EPA Disclaimer.
In addition to the U.S. inventory, greenhouse gas emissions can be tracked at the global, state and local levels as well as by companies and individuals:
* Many other countries also develop national greenhouse gas inventories, which can be compiled into global inventories. EPA works with developing and transition countries to improve the accuracy and sustainability of their greenhouse gas inventories. EPA has developed Greenhouse Gas Inventory Capacity Building templates and software tools targeting key sources, emissions factors, good practices, institutional infrastructure and use of the latest IPCC guidelines on greenhouse gas inventories.
* Many states prepare greenhouse gas inventories, and EPA provides guidance and tools to assist them in their efforts.
* Corporate greenhouse gas inventories provide information on the emissions associated with the operations of a company.
* Individuals produce greenhouse gas emissions through everyday activities such as driving and using air conditioning or heating. EPA provides an online calculator for estimating personal emissions.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Exit EPA Disclaimer publishes internationally accepted inventory methodologies that serve as a basis for all greenhouse gas inventories, ensuring that they are comparable and understandable. The 2006 IPCC Guidelines Exit EPA Disclaimer were completed and accepted by the IPCC in May 2006.
Emission Trends & Projections
Estimates of future emissions and removals depend in part on assumptions about changes in underlying human activities. For example, the demand for fossil fuels such as gasoline and coal is expected to increase greatly with the predicted growth of the U.S. and global economies.
The Fourth U.S. Climate Action Report concluded, in assessing current trends, thatcarbon dioxide emissions increased by 20 percent from 1990-2004, while methane and nitrous oxide emissions decreased by 10 percent and 2 percent, respectively. The declines in methane emissions are due to a variety of technological, policy, and agricultural changes, such as increased capture of methane from landfills for energy, reduced emissions from natural gas systems, and declining cattle populations. At least some of the decline in nitrous oxide emissions is due to improved emissions control technologies in cars, trucks, and other mobile sources. (Fourth U.S.Climate Action Report, 2007)
Many, but not all, human sources of greenhouse gas emissions are expected to rise in the future. This growth may be reduced by ongoing efforts to increase the use of newer, cleaner technologies and other measures. Additionally, our everyday choices about such things as commuting, housing, electricity use and recycling can influence the amount of greenhouse gases being emitted.
The United States government prepares projections of emissions and removals of all greenhouse gases. The following links provide more detailed information on projections:
* Greenhouse Gas Projections, Chapter 5 of the U.S. Climate Action Report: In Chapter 5 of the Climate Action Report, the U.S. forecasts future emission levels using information developed from models.
* International Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Projections
* Methane Projections
* Nitrous Oxide Projections
* Fluorinated Gases
Project Methodologies
EPA has developed several Climate Leaders Offset Project Methodologies that use a standardized approach to determine project eligibility, address additionality, select and set the baseline, identify monitoring options, and quantify reductions. This approach seeks to ensure that the GHG emission reductions from offset projects meet four key accounting principles—they must be real, additional, permanent, and verifiable.
To be eligible as offsets, project activities must be surplus to regulation. Projects are also required to demonstrate additionality by achieving a level of performance with respect to emission reductions and/or removals that is significantly better than business-as-usual. Business-as-usual is determined from similar, recently undertaken or planned practices, activities or facilities in the same geographic region. This level of “performance” may be defined as an emissions rate, a technology standard or a practice standard. Data used in setting the performance standard is primarily collected from publicly available historic data (although planned or projected activities may be used in certain cases as well). The performance standard approach minimizes the risk of accepting a project that is not additional or rejecting a project that is additional. A performance standard approach also reduces the complexity, cost, and subjectivity of constructing individual project-specific reviews.
References
* Fourth U.S. Climate Action Report, 2007 Exit EPA Disclaimer
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Cold & Flu Remedies, Naturally
Fahmi Rizwansyah says:
It’s no wonder natural cold and flu remedies are popular – modern medicine has yet to offer a cure for these age-old ailments. While some antiviral drugs can prevent and shorten the flu’s duration, most medications only offer temporary relief of symptoms. Many natural remedies provide temporary relief as well, and a few may actually help you get better. See which cold and flu remedies show the most promise.
Echinacea
Echinacea is an herbal supplement that can boost immune system activity. But it’s unclear whether this boost helps fight off colds or flu. Some researchers have reported no benefits, but at least one recent study paints a more positive picture. Participants who took echinacea shortened their colds by an average of 1.4 days. Still, experts remain skeptical, and it’s best to check with a doctor before trying this or other herbal remedies.
Zinc
Some studies show that Zinc appears to have antiviral properties. There is some evidence the mineral may prevent the formation of certain proteins that cold viruses use to reproduce themselves. Whether this translates to an effective treatment may depend on how the zinc is taken. A review of published studies suggests zinc lozenges have no effect on the length of a cold. Zinc nasal gel appears promising, but more research is needed.
Vitamin C
The cold-fighting prowess of vitamin C remains uncertain. Some studies suggest it can help shorten the duration of the common cold very slightly. Other studies show that it may help prevent colds. In one large study, people recovered from colds more quickly after taking a megadose (8,000 milligrams) on the first day of the cold. But taking more than 2,000 milligrams of vitamin C per day may cause kidney stones and diarrhea.
Chicken Soup
Grandma was onto something. Chicken soup may help cold symptoms in more than one way. Inhaling the steam can ease nasal congestion. Sipping spoonfuls of fluid can help avoid dehydration. And some advocates say the soup may soothe inflammation. Researchers have found chicken soup has anti-inflammatory properties in the lab, though it’s unclear whether this effect translates to real-world colds.
Hot Tea
Drinking hot tea offers some of the same benefits as chicken soup. Inhaling the steam relieves congestion, while swallowing the fluid soothes the throat and keeps you hydrated. Black and green teas have the added bonus of being loaded with disease-fighting antioxidants.
Hot Toddy
The hot toddy is an age-old nighttime cold remedy. Since you won’t want to drink black tea before bed, make a cup of hot herbal tea. Add a teaspoon of honey, a small shot of whiskey or bourbon, and a squeeze of lemon. This mixture may ease congestion, soothe the throat and help you sleep. Limit yourself to one hot toddy. Too much alcohol can affect the immune system.
Garlic
Garlic has long been touted for legendary germ-fighting abilities. While there is not enough research to recommend it as a cold remedy, garlic is very nutritious. In addition, it can help spice up your meals when a stuffy nose makes everything taste bland.
Horseradish Gargle
Horseradish is a folk remedy for breaking up mucus in the breathing passages. One option is to mix ground-up horseradish and honey into a glass of water, then gargle.
Steam/Humidifier
For a heavy dose of steam, use a room humidifier – or simply sit in the bathroom with the door shut and a hot shower running. Breathing in steam can break up congestion in the nasal passages, offering relief from a stuffy or runny nose.
Saline Drops
Dripping saltwater into the nose can remove virus and bacteria particles, while reducing congestion. Try over-the-counter saline drops, or make your own by mixing 8 ounces of warm water with 1/4 teaspoon salt and 1/4 teaspoon baking soda. Use a bulb syringe to squirt the mixture into one nostril while holding the other one closed. Repeat 2-3 times and then do the other side.
Neti Pot
For a more systematic nasal rinse, the neti pot is an option. This small ceramic pot is used to flush out the nasal passages with a saltwater solution – a process known as nasal irrigation. The result is thinner mucus that drains more easily. Research suggests neti pots are useful in relieving sinus symptoms, such as congestion, pressure, and facial pain, particularly in patients with chronic sinus troubles.
Menthol Ointment
Days of wiping and blowing your nose can leave the skin around your nostrils sore and irritated. A simple remedy is to dab a menthol-infused ointment under the nose. Menthol has mild numbing agents that can relieve the pain of raw skin. As an added benefit, breathing in the menthol aroma can help open clogged passages.
Saltwater Gargle
For a sore throat, the traditional saltwater gargle has merit. Gargling warm water with a teaspoon of salt four times daily can help keep a scratchy throat moist.
Nasal Strips
Another strategy for relieving nighttime congestion is to try over-the-counter nasal strips. These are strips of tape worn on the bridge of the nose to open the nasal passages. While they can’t unclog the nose, they do create more space for airflow.
Let Your Fever Work
A fever is the original natural remedy. The rise in temperature actively fights colds and flu by making your body inhospitable for germs. Endure a moderate fever for a couple of days to get better faster. Just be sure to stay well hydrated. Call your doctor right away if the fever is over 105, unless it comes down quickly with treatment. In infants 3 months or younger call your doctor for any fever greater than 100.4. Children with a fever of less than 102 usually don’t require treatment unless they’re uncomfortable.
Bed Rest
With our busy lives, most of us loathe to spend a day or two under the covers. But getting plenty of rest lets your body direct more energy to fighting off germs. Staying warm is also important, so tuck yourself in and give your immune cells a leg up in their noble battle.
by webMD.
Cheers, frizzy2008.
It’s no wonder natural cold and flu remedies are popular – modern medicine has yet to offer a cure for these age-old ailments. While some antiviral drugs can prevent and shorten the flu’s duration, most medications only offer temporary relief of symptoms. Many natural remedies provide temporary relief as well, and a few may actually help you get better. See which cold and flu remedies show the most promise.
Echinacea
Echinacea is an herbal supplement that can boost immune system activity. But it’s unclear whether this boost helps fight off colds or flu. Some researchers have reported no benefits, but at least one recent study paints a more positive picture. Participants who took echinacea shortened their colds by an average of 1.4 days. Still, experts remain skeptical, and it’s best to check with a doctor before trying this or other herbal remedies.
Zinc
Some studies show that Zinc appears to have antiviral properties. There is some evidence the mineral may prevent the formation of certain proteins that cold viruses use to reproduce themselves. Whether this translates to an effective treatment may depend on how the zinc is taken. A review of published studies suggests zinc lozenges have no effect on the length of a cold. Zinc nasal gel appears promising, but more research is needed.
Vitamin C
The cold-fighting prowess of vitamin C remains uncertain. Some studies suggest it can help shorten the duration of the common cold very slightly. Other studies show that it may help prevent colds. In one large study, people recovered from colds more quickly after taking a megadose (8,000 milligrams) on the first day of the cold. But taking more than 2,000 milligrams of vitamin C per day may cause kidney stones and diarrhea.
Chicken Soup
Grandma was onto something. Chicken soup may help cold symptoms in more than one way. Inhaling the steam can ease nasal congestion. Sipping spoonfuls of fluid can help avoid dehydration. And some advocates say the soup may soothe inflammation. Researchers have found chicken soup has anti-inflammatory properties in the lab, though it’s unclear whether this effect translates to real-world colds.
Hot Tea
Drinking hot tea offers some of the same benefits as chicken soup. Inhaling the steam relieves congestion, while swallowing the fluid soothes the throat and keeps you hydrated. Black and green teas have the added bonus of being loaded with disease-fighting antioxidants.
Hot Toddy
The hot toddy is an age-old nighttime cold remedy. Since you won’t want to drink black tea before bed, make a cup of hot herbal tea. Add a teaspoon of honey, a small shot of whiskey or bourbon, and a squeeze of lemon. This mixture may ease congestion, soothe the throat and help you sleep. Limit yourself to one hot toddy. Too much alcohol can affect the immune system.
Garlic
Garlic has long been touted for legendary germ-fighting abilities. While there is not enough research to recommend it as a cold remedy, garlic is very nutritious. In addition, it can help spice up your meals when a stuffy nose makes everything taste bland.
Horseradish Gargle
Horseradish is a folk remedy for breaking up mucus in the breathing passages. One option is to mix ground-up horseradish and honey into a glass of water, then gargle.
Steam/Humidifier
For a heavy dose of steam, use a room humidifier – or simply sit in the bathroom with the door shut and a hot shower running. Breathing in steam can break up congestion in the nasal passages, offering relief from a stuffy or runny nose.
Saline Drops
Dripping saltwater into the nose can remove virus and bacteria particles, while reducing congestion. Try over-the-counter saline drops, or make your own by mixing 8 ounces of warm water with 1/4 teaspoon salt and 1/4 teaspoon baking soda. Use a bulb syringe to squirt the mixture into one nostril while holding the other one closed. Repeat 2-3 times and then do the other side.
Neti Pot
For a more systematic nasal rinse, the neti pot is an option. This small ceramic pot is used to flush out the nasal passages with a saltwater solution – a process known as nasal irrigation. The result is thinner mucus that drains more easily. Research suggests neti pots are useful in relieving sinus symptoms, such as congestion, pressure, and facial pain, particularly in patients with chronic sinus troubles.
Menthol Ointment
Days of wiping and blowing your nose can leave the skin around your nostrils sore and irritated. A simple remedy is to dab a menthol-infused ointment under the nose. Menthol has mild numbing agents that can relieve the pain of raw skin. As an added benefit, breathing in the menthol aroma can help open clogged passages.
Saltwater Gargle
For a sore throat, the traditional saltwater gargle has merit. Gargling warm water with a teaspoon of salt four times daily can help keep a scratchy throat moist.
Nasal Strips
Another strategy for relieving nighttime congestion is to try over-the-counter nasal strips. These are strips of tape worn on the bridge of the nose to open the nasal passages. While they can’t unclog the nose, they do create more space for airflow.
Let Your Fever Work
A fever is the original natural remedy. The rise in temperature actively fights colds and flu by making your body inhospitable for germs. Endure a moderate fever for a couple of days to get better faster. Just be sure to stay well hydrated. Call your doctor right away if the fever is over 105, unless it comes down quickly with treatment. In infants 3 months or younger call your doctor for any fever greater than 100.4. Children with a fever of less than 102 usually don’t require treatment unless they’re uncomfortable.
Bed Rest
With our busy lives, most of us loathe to spend a day or two under the covers. But getting plenty of rest lets your body direct more energy to fighting off germs. Staying warm is also important, so tuck yourself in and give your immune cells a leg up in their noble battle.
by webMD.
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Scars and the treatment
Fahmi Rizwansyah says:
Scars are a natural part of the body's healing process. A scar results from the biologic process of wound repair in the skin and other tissues. Most wounds, except for very minor ones, result in some degree of scarring.
Scars can result from accidents, diseases, skin conditions such as acne, or surgeries.
How Do Scars Form?
Scars form when the dermis (deep, thick layer of skin) is damaged. The body forms new collagen fibers (a naturally occurring protein in the body) to mend the damage, resulting in a scar. The new scar tissue will have a different texture and quality than the surrounding tissue. Scars form after a wound is completely healed.
There are different kinds of scars. Most scars are flat and pale. However, in cases when the body produces too much collagen, scars can be raised. Raised scars are called hypertrophic scars or keloid scars. Both of these kinds of scars are more common in younger and dark-skinned people.
Some scars can have a sunken or pitted appearance. This kind of scarring occurs when underlying structures supporting the skin (for example, fat or muscle) are lost. Some surgical scars have this appearance, as do some scars from acne.
Scars also can appear as stretched skin. Such scars result when the skin stretches rapidly (for example, as in growth spurts or during pregnancy). In addition, this type of scar can occur when the skin is under tension (near a joint, for example) during the healing process.
How Can Scars Be Treated?
Although scars cannot be completely removed, their appearance can be improved. Methods for improving the appearance of scars include:
* Topical treatments, such as vitamin E, cocoa butter cream, and several commercial skin care products like Mederma are available over-the-counter with the claim to help heal scars but are not effective
* Surgery. Although it will not remove a scar, surgery can be used to alter a scar's shape or make it less noticeable. Surgery is not recommended in cases of hypertrophic or keloid scarring (raised scars) because there is a risk of recurring scars as well as more severe scarring that results from the treatment.
* Steroid injections. A long term course of steroid injections into a scar may help flatten the scar. Injections may help to soften the appearance of keloid or hypertrophic scars.
* Radiotherapy. Low-dose, superficial radiotherapy is used to prevent recurrence of severe keloid and hypertrophic scarring. This treatment is used only in extreme cases because of potential long-term side effects.
* Dermabrasion. This treatment involves the removal of the surface of the skin with special equipment. Dermabrasion is useful when the scar is raised above the surrounding skin; but, it is less useful for the treatment of sunken scars. Microdermabrasion is a much less invasive form of dermabrasion and may be useful for very superficial scars.
* Laser resurfacing. This procedure, similar to dermabrasion, removes the surface layers of the skin using different types of lasers. Newer types of lasers may achieve more subtle results by working on the collagen in the dermis without removing the upper layers of skin. This advancement results in little to no down time as opposed to traditional laser resurfacing and dermabrasion, which requires a longer recovery.
* Filler injections. These treatments can be used to raise sunken scars to the level of surrounding skin. The effects of these injections are usually only temporary, however, and the procedures may need to be regularly repeated. Newer forms of injectable fillers are now on the market and may be an option for some people.
Reviewed by doctors at The Cleveland Clinic Department of Dermatology.
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Scars are a natural part of the body's healing process. A scar results from the biologic process of wound repair in the skin and other tissues. Most wounds, except for very minor ones, result in some degree of scarring.
Scars can result from accidents, diseases, skin conditions such as acne, or surgeries.
How Do Scars Form?
Scars form when the dermis (deep, thick layer of skin) is damaged. The body forms new collagen fibers (a naturally occurring protein in the body) to mend the damage, resulting in a scar. The new scar tissue will have a different texture and quality than the surrounding tissue. Scars form after a wound is completely healed.
There are different kinds of scars. Most scars are flat and pale. However, in cases when the body produces too much collagen, scars can be raised. Raised scars are called hypertrophic scars or keloid scars. Both of these kinds of scars are more common in younger and dark-skinned people.
Some scars can have a sunken or pitted appearance. This kind of scarring occurs when underlying structures supporting the skin (for example, fat or muscle) are lost. Some surgical scars have this appearance, as do some scars from acne.
Scars also can appear as stretched skin. Such scars result when the skin stretches rapidly (for example, as in growth spurts or during pregnancy). In addition, this type of scar can occur when the skin is under tension (near a joint, for example) during the healing process.
How Can Scars Be Treated?
Although scars cannot be completely removed, their appearance can be improved. Methods for improving the appearance of scars include:
* Topical treatments, such as vitamin E, cocoa butter cream, and several commercial skin care products like Mederma are available over-the-counter with the claim to help heal scars but are not effective
* Surgery. Although it will not remove a scar, surgery can be used to alter a scar's shape or make it less noticeable. Surgery is not recommended in cases of hypertrophic or keloid scarring (raised scars) because there is a risk of recurring scars as well as more severe scarring that results from the treatment.
* Steroid injections. A long term course of steroid injections into a scar may help flatten the scar. Injections may help to soften the appearance of keloid or hypertrophic scars.
* Radiotherapy. Low-dose, superficial radiotherapy is used to prevent recurrence of severe keloid and hypertrophic scarring. This treatment is used only in extreme cases because of potential long-term side effects.
* Dermabrasion. This treatment involves the removal of the surface of the skin with special equipment. Dermabrasion is useful when the scar is raised above the surrounding skin; but, it is less useful for the treatment of sunken scars. Microdermabrasion is a much less invasive form of dermabrasion and may be useful for very superficial scars.
* Laser resurfacing. This procedure, similar to dermabrasion, removes the surface layers of the skin using different types of lasers. Newer types of lasers may achieve more subtle results by working on the collagen in the dermis without removing the upper layers of skin. This advancement results in little to no down time as opposed to traditional laser resurfacing and dermabrasion, which requires a longer recovery.
* Filler injections. These treatments can be used to raise sunken scars to the level of surrounding skin. The effects of these injections are usually only temporary, however, and the procedures may need to be regularly repeated. Newer forms of injectable fillers are now on the market and may be an option for some people.
Reviewed by doctors at The Cleveland Clinic Department of Dermatology.
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Indonesia Official Sites
Fahmi Rizwansyah says:
Indonesia Official Sites
Peace Pak Presiden, tujuan saya sih sekedar menyebarluaskan saja.
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Indonesia Official Sites
Lembaga-Lembaga Negara
- Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat
- Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat
- Dewan Perwakilan Daerah
- Mahkamah Konstitusi
- Mahkamah Agung
- Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan
Komisi-Komisi Negara
- Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi
- Komisi Yudisial
- Komisi Pemilihan Umum
- Komisi Pengawasan Persaingan Usaha
- Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia
- Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia
- Komisi Ombudsman
Departemen
- Departemen Dalam Negeri
- Departemen Luar Negeri
- Departemen Pertahanan
- Departemen Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia
- Departemen Komunikasi dan Informatika
- Departemen Keuangan
- Departemen Perdagangan
- Departemen Perindustrian
- Departemen Perhubungan
- Departemen Pekerjaan Umum
- Departemen Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi
- Departemen Pertanian
- Departemen Kehutanan
- Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan
- Departemen Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral
- Departemen Kesehatan
- Departemen Pendidikan Nasional
- Departemen Sosial
- Departemen Agama
- Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata
Kementerian/Lembaga Setingkat Menteri
- Kementerian Koordinator Politik, Hukum dan Keamanan
- Kementerian Koordinator Perekonomian
- Kementerian Koordinator Kesejahteraan Rakyat
- Kementerian Negara Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/BAPPENAS
- Kementerian Negara Riset dan Teknologi/BPPT
- Kementerian Negara Koperasi dan UKM
- Kementerian Negara BUMN
- Kementerian Negara Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal
- Kementerian Negara Lingkungan Hidup
- Kementerian Negara Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara
- Kementerian Negara Perumahan Rakyat
- Kementerian Negara Pemberdayaan Perempuan
- Kementerian Negara Pemuda dan Olahraga
- Sekretariat Negara
- Sekretariat Kabinet
- Kejaksaan Agung
TNI dan POLRI
Lembaga-Lembaga Pemerintah Non-Departemen
- Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia
- Badan Akuntansi Keuangan Negara
- Badan Intelijen Negara
- Badan Kepegawaian Negara
- Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional
- Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal
- Badan Koordinasi Survei dan Pemetaan Nasional
- Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika
- Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan
- Badan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi
- Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir
- Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan
- Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi
- Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional
- Badan Pertanahan Nasional
- Badan Pusat Statistik
- Badan Standarisasi Nasional
- Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional
- Badan Urusan Logistik
- Lembaga Administrasi Negara
- Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia
- Lembaga Informasi Nasional
- Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional
- Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia
- Badan Narkotika Nasional
Pemerintah-Pemerintah Propinsi:
- Propinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam
- Propinsi Sumatera Utara
- Propinsi Sumatera Barat
- Propinsi Riau
- Propinsi Kepulauan Riau
- Propinsi Jambi
- Propinsi Bengkulu
- Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
- Propinsi Bangka-Belitung
- Propinsi Lampung
- Propinsi Banten
- Propinsi DKI Jakarta
- Propinsi Jawa Barat
- Propinsi Jawa Tengah
- Propinsi D.I. Yogyakarta
- Propinsi Jawa Timur
- Propinsi Kalimantan Barat
- Propinsi Kalimantan Tengah
- Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan
- Propinsi Kalimantan Timur
- Propinsi Bali
- Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat
- Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
- Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan
- Propinsi Sulawesi Barat
- Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
- Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah
- Propinsi Gorontalo
- Propinsi Sulawesi Utara
- Propinsi Maluku
- Propinsi Maluku Utara
- Propinsi Irian Jaya Barat
- Provinsi Papua
Peace Pak Presiden, tujuan saya sih sekedar menyebarluaskan saja.
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Tatkala Orang Kaya Malu Bermewah-mewah, katanya...shhh
Fahmi Rizwansyah says:
"Hidup boros terlihat kuno sejak 6 Oktober 2008 manakala CEO Lehman Brothers, Richard Fuld, tampil memalukan selama dengar pendapat dengan Kongres AS menyusul bangkrutnya Lehman dengan meninggalkan utang 600 miliar dolar AS (setara dengan Rp7.200 triliun).
Orang-orang seperti David Koch, yang punya harta 16 miliar dolar AS (Rp192 triliun) dan Ron Perelman yang kekayaannya ditaksir 9,5 miliar dolar AS (Rp114 triliun) adalah anggota kelompok 10,1 juta manusia HNWI (high net worth individuals, berkekayaan pribadi bersih) yang ada di seluruh dunia.
Berdasarkan perhitungan Merrill Lynch dan Capgemini dari Paris, total kekayaan bersih kelompok ini mencapai 40,7 triliun dolar AS (Rp488.400 triliun) atau 113 kali produk domestik bruto (PDB) Indonesia tahun 2007 yang mencapai Rp3.957 triliun.
"Jika salah seorang dari mereka kehilangan 100 juta dolar AS (Rp1,2 triliun) di pasar modal, itu tak akan membuat gaya hidup mereka berubah. Mereka selalu menginginkan apa yang mereka inginkan, kapanpun mereka inginkan," katanya."
Selengkapnya
Cheers, frizzy2008.
"Hidup boros terlihat kuno sejak 6 Oktober 2008 manakala CEO Lehman Brothers, Richard Fuld, tampil memalukan selama dengar pendapat dengan Kongres AS menyusul bangkrutnya Lehman dengan meninggalkan utang 600 miliar dolar AS (setara dengan Rp7.200 triliun).
Orang-orang seperti David Koch, yang punya harta 16 miliar dolar AS (Rp192 triliun) dan Ron Perelman yang kekayaannya ditaksir 9,5 miliar dolar AS (Rp114 triliun) adalah anggota kelompok 10,1 juta manusia HNWI (high net worth individuals, berkekayaan pribadi bersih) yang ada di seluruh dunia.
Berdasarkan perhitungan Merrill Lynch dan Capgemini dari Paris, total kekayaan bersih kelompok ini mencapai 40,7 triliun dolar AS (Rp488.400 triliun) atau 113 kali produk domestik bruto (PDB) Indonesia tahun 2007 yang mencapai Rp3.957 triliun.
"Jika salah seorang dari mereka kehilangan 100 juta dolar AS (Rp1,2 triliun) di pasar modal, itu tak akan membuat gaya hidup mereka berubah. Mereka selalu menginginkan apa yang mereka inginkan, kapanpun mereka inginkan," katanya."
Selengkapnya
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Photo Tag
Fahmi Rizwansyah says:
...got it from Wee - Sweety
This is the rules :
1. Take a recent photo of yourself OR take a picture of yourself RIGHT NOW
2. DON'T change your cloth. DON'T fix your hair, just take a picture
3. Post that picture with NO editing
4. Post this instruction with your picture
5. Tag 10 people to do this
ini poto yg paling recent yg diambil webcam notebook,..
Kiss warm for all of you guys...
well sambitan berikutnya :
1. Memi - Imoet
2. Srie so Cute
3.Sudharyantoadi
4.Deny Rendra
5. Delia, bukan Delima
6. Ocim
7. Sanny - Architectural Corner
8. Milla Schumacher
9. Bunda Alya
10. Lyla
Cheers, frizzy2008.
...got it from Wee - Sweety
This is the rules :
1. Take a recent photo of yourself OR take a picture of yourself RIGHT NOW
2. DON'T change your cloth. DON'T fix your hair, just take a picture
3. Post that picture with NO editing
4. Post this instruction with your picture
5. Tag 10 people to do this
ini poto yg paling recent yg diambil webcam notebook,..
Kiss warm for all of you guys...
well sambitan berikutnya :
1. Memi - Imoet
2. Srie so Cute
3.Sudharyantoadi
4.Deny Rendra
5. Delia, bukan Delima
6. Ocim
7. Sanny - Architectural Corner
8. Milla Schumacher
9. Bunda Alya
10. Lyla
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Visa to Norway
Fahmi Rizwansyah says:
Schengen Visa
Norway is part of the Schengen area which includes the following countries: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden. A visitor's visa for one of the Schengen countries will be valid for travelling to all the other Schengen countries during the period for which the visa is valid. Over a period of six months, you are not permitted to spend more than three months in the Schengen area.
You may apply for a Schengen visa at the Norwegian Embassy if Norway is your main destination within the Schengen area. If you do not have a main destination, you must apply for a visa at the foreign mission of the Schengen country where the initial entry is to take place. The processing time of visa depends on each individual case, but normally you will receive an answer within 2 weeks. The Embassy urges applicants to apply well in advance of planned travel dates.
A visitor's visa is valid for a maximum of three months. The current visa fee is EUR. 60 (approximately IDR. 830.000). In order to be able to process the application, the Embassy will need the following documents:
* A passport or travel document valid for at least three months beyond the date of return from Norway
* A duly filled and signed application form
* Two photocopies of the personal data page of the passport, as well as all previous stamps and visas existing in the passport. Accompanying children over 18 years of age must submit their own applications The Embassy will accept passports and travel documents including more than one person. However, each person travelling over the age of 18 years has to present his/her own travel documents.
* Proof of funds (bank book, other savings, investments etc.) in cases where expenses for the visit are going to be covered by the applicant himself.
* Invitation from the host, explaining the purpose of the visit. When travelling to Norway, and expenses for the visit are to be covered by the host, a "Guarantee form for visits" has to be filled in by the host and certified by the local police authorities in Norway.
* Two passport photographs (background must be white), size 4x6 mm.
* When a visa is granted, the applicant must present a return ticket and travel insurance covering medical expenditures (miniumum coverage of USD 42.500,-) before the visa will be issued.
Royal Norwegian Embassy
Menara Rajawali Building, 25th floor
Mega Kuningan
Jakarta 12950
Republic of Indonesia
Tel: + 62 21 576 1523/24. Fax: + 62 21 576 1537
E-mail: emb.jakarta@mfa.no
Embassy opening hours: Monday to Friday 09.00 - 15.00. The visa section is open 09.00 - 12.00 Monday to Thursday. Friday the visa section is closed.
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Schengen Visa
Norway is part of the Schengen area which includes the following countries: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden. A visitor's visa for one of the Schengen countries will be valid for travelling to all the other Schengen countries during the period for which the visa is valid. Over a period of six months, you are not permitted to spend more than three months in the Schengen area.
You may apply for a Schengen visa at the Norwegian Embassy if Norway is your main destination within the Schengen area. If you do not have a main destination, you must apply for a visa at the foreign mission of the Schengen country where the initial entry is to take place. The processing time of visa depends on each individual case, but normally you will receive an answer within 2 weeks. The Embassy urges applicants to apply well in advance of planned travel dates.
A visitor's visa is valid for a maximum of three months. The current visa fee is EUR. 60 (approximately IDR. 830.000). In order to be able to process the application, the Embassy will need the following documents:
* A passport or travel document valid for at least three months beyond the date of return from Norway
* A duly filled and signed application form
* Two photocopies of the personal data page of the passport, as well as all previous stamps and visas existing in the passport. Accompanying children over 18 years of age must submit their own applications The Embassy will accept passports and travel documents including more than one person. However, each person travelling over the age of 18 years has to present his/her own travel documents.
* Proof of funds (bank book, other savings, investments etc.) in cases where expenses for the visit are going to be covered by the applicant himself.
* Invitation from the host, explaining the purpose of the visit. When travelling to Norway, and expenses for the visit are to be covered by the host, a "Guarantee form for visits" has to be filled in by the host and certified by the local police authorities in Norway.
* Two passport photographs (background must be white), size 4x6 mm.
* When a visa is granted, the applicant must present a return ticket and travel insurance covering medical expenditures (miniumum coverage of USD 42.500,-) before the visa will be issued.
Royal Norwegian Embassy
Menara Rajawali Building, 25th floor
Mega Kuningan
Jakarta 12950
Republic of Indonesia
Tel: + 62 21 576 1523/24. Fax: + 62 21 576 1537
E-mail: emb.jakarta@mfa.no
Embassy opening hours: Monday to Friday 09.00 - 15.00. The visa section is open 09.00 - 12.00 Monday to Thursday. Friday the visa section is closed.
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Selamatkan Indonesia dari cengkraman HIV/AIDS
Fahmi Rizwansyah says:
Artikel menyambut hari AIDS sedunia, 1 Desember
Perkembangan epidemi HIV dan AIDS di Indonesia meningkat cepat beberapa tahun terakhir ini. Hal ini terutama didorong oleh penggunaan narkoba suntik dan akibat hubungan seks berisiko yang sangat tinggi terutama di kota-kota besar. Saat ini Indonesia menghadapi epidemi ganda, yaitu epidemi HIV dan epidemi pengguna narkoba suntik. Ini adalah ancaman yang serius yang harus dihadapi bersama-sama antara pemerintah dan seluruh masyarakat.
Saran-saran untuk ODHA:
1. Melakukan positive prevention yaitu, upaya untuk menyetop penularan HIV hanya pada diri mereka, sehingga tidak menulari orang-orang yang dicintai seperti istri dan anak-anak.
2. Merubah perilaku berisiko agar tidak terjadi re-infeksi virus HIV yang bisa memperparah kondisi kesehatannya.
3. Memanfaatkan semaksimal mungkin kesempatan untuk bisa sehat dan produktif dengan kegiatan yang berguna untuk keluarga dan masyarakat, serta ikut aktif dalam melakukan kampanye, penyuluhan tentang HIV/AIDS di masyarakat.
*Sumber dari press release Depkes RI
Indonesia masuk kategori the fastest growing epudemic in Asia...serem banget yaaa.
Pengidap HIV/AIDS yang tercatat dan melapor saat ini berjumlah 21.151 orang. Namun diperkirakan jumlah pengidap seluruh Indonesia berkisar 200.000 orang.
*Sumber Komisi Penanggulangan AIDS (KPA)
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Artikel menyambut hari AIDS sedunia, 1 Desember
Perkembangan epidemi HIV dan AIDS di Indonesia meningkat cepat beberapa tahun terakhir ini. Hal ini terutama didorong oleh penggunaan narkoba suntik dan akibat hubungan seks berisiko yang sangat tinggi terutama di kota-kota besar. Saat ini Indonesia menghadapi epidemi ganda, yaitu epidemi HIV dan epidemi pengguna narkoba suntik. Ini adalah ancaman yang serius yang harus dihadapi bersama-sama antara pemerintah dan seluruh masyarakat.
Saran-saran untuk ODHA:
1. Melakukan positive prevention yaitu, upaya untuk menyetop penularan HIV hanya pada diri mereka, sehingga tidak menulari orang-orang yang dicintai seperti istri dan anak-anak.
2. Merubah perilaku berisiko agar tidak terjadi re-infeksi virus HIV yang bisa memperparah kondisi kesehatannya.
3. Memanfaatkan semaksimal mungkin kesempatan untuk bisa sehat dan produktif dengan kegiatan yang berguna untuk keluarga dan masyarakat, serta ikut aktif dalam melakukan kampanye, penyuluhan tentang HIV/AIDS di masyarakat.
*Sumber dari press release Depkes RI
Indonesia masuk kategori the fastest growing epudemic in Asia...serem banget yaaa.
Pengidap HIV/AIDS yang tercatat dan melapor saat ini berjumlah 21.151 orang. Namun diperkirakan jumlah pengidap seluruh Indonesia berkisar 200.000 orang.
*Sumber Komisi Penanggulangan AIDS (KPA)
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Silsilah keluargaku (Pekon Pulau Pisang - Lampung Barat)
Fahmi Rizwansyah says:
Keluarga dari bapakku berasal dari Lampung, tepatnya Pulau Pisang. Sebuah pulau kecil nan indah di sebelah barat kota Krui, Lampung Barat. Ironisnya, aku belum pernah ke Pulau Pisang, karena Tuyu' (kakek buyut) telah lama menetap di Sukamarga, Gedong Tataan.
Dibawah ini adalah gambaran tambo yang aku gambarkan kembali dari tambo aslinya.
*Gambar bisa diklik utk diperbesar
Kakek buyutku adalah H. Alijoen
Untuk keluarga besar Pekon Pulau Pisang, saya sampaikan rasa keinginan yang besar untuk dapat berkumpul, mengingat dari sejak dilahirkan, saya selalu tinggal di Jakarta.
Berikut adalah artikel2 mengenai Pulau Pisang:
Keluarga dari bapakku berasal dari Lampung, tepatnya Pulau Pisang. Sebuah pulau kecil nan indah di sebelah barat kota Krui, Lampung Barat. Ironisnya, aku belum pernah ke Pulau Pisang, karena Tuyu' (kakek buyut) telah lama menetap di Sukamarga, Gedong Tataan.
Dibawah ini adalah gambaran tambo yang aku gambarkan kembali dari tambo aslinya.
*Gambar bisa diklik utk diperbesar
Kakek buyutku adalah H. Alijoen
Untuk keluarga besar Pekon Pulau Pisang, saya sampaikan rasa keinginan yang besar untuk dapat berkumpul, mengingat dari sejak dilahirkan, saya selalu tinggal di Jakarta.Berikut adalah artikel2 mengenai Pulau Pisang:
- Keluarga Besar Saibatin Karya Kartadilaga menceritakan versi lain tentang sejarah Pulang Pisang. Empat keturunan Kartadilaga, yaitu H. Murhan Yasin, M. Yamin Mukmur, H. Irfan Arief, dan H. Yunisfi saat mengunjungi Lampung Post, Senin (15-1), menceritakan tentang Pulau Pisang. Selengkapnya
- Welcome to the surf and swell forecast page for Pulau Pisang. We are continuously developing the site with the aim of providing the most comprehensive online resource for surfers. At the moment, we display the current current weather observations / forecast for Pulau Pisang, tide data, sea temperature and a growing list of Surfcams. New features are constantly being added to these pages. Read more
- Tapis Pulau Pisang salah satu penanda hubungan marga pulau ini dengan marga Way Sindi. Adat, alam, dan kehidupan sehari-hari yang khas mengguratkan eksotisme pada Pulau Pisang. Selengkapnya
- KALAU Anda berdiam dua atau tiga hari di Pulau Pisang, Anda akan menemukan beragam kekhasan budaya di sana. Salah satu kekhasan itu ialah pergaulan bujang-gadis di pulau tersebut. Warga Pulang Pisang menyebutnya setekutan. Selengkapnya
- http://www.lampungpost.com/cetak/berita.php?id=2007112912242248
I cry for these sad news...
Fahmi Rizwansyah says:
Indonesian workers facing massive layoffs
By Andi Abdussalam
(ANTARA News) - Hundreds of thousands of Indonesian workers at home and abroad are facing the threat of losing their jobs as a result of the global financial crisis. At home about 200,000 will likely be laid off shortly. In Malaysia, the main destination of Indonesian migrant workers, at least 300 thousands are facing the same fate, while hundreds of others are waiting repatriation from Kuwait.
"We have to make all-out efforts to prevent massive layoffs," General Chairman of the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Kadin) Ms Hidayat said on Monday. He said he had witnessed that the economic recession in the United States had really taken place. Thus, labor intensive industries at home need to make all-out efforts in order to prevent massive layoffs.
In Malaysia about 3,000 Indonesian migrant workers are facing the same fate. According to Indonesian Ambassador to Malaysia Dai Bachtiar, about 300 thousand Indonesian workers (TKIs) would likely face layoffs due to the on-going global economic recession.
"I am concern with Indonesian workers employed in Malaysian companies whose number reaches 300 thousands," the ambassador said. According to him, the impact of the global economic crisis has not yet been felt by most of Indonesian migrant workers who are bound with work contracts. But workers at Malaysian companies will face the impact if demand for the companies` production fall.
Therefore the ambassador expressed concern over Indonesian workers at Malaysian companies. Those working as domestic helpers and are bound by work contracts will not be much affected. "But this all will depend on the policy of the Malaysian government," the ambassador said.
In the meantime, at least 380 Indonesian migrant workers are facing repatriation in Kuwait. They are now placed at the Indonesian embassy. They are among Indonesian problematic workers in that country.
In order to help their repatriation, Moh Jumhur Hidayat, Head of National Workers Protection and Placement Overseas (BNP2TKI), flew to Kuwait to meet the problematic TKIs.
Luckily, the Kuwait Union of Domestic Labor Office (KUODLO) has promised to help repatriate about 380 problematic Indonesian workers now being placed at the Indonesian Embassy.
KUODLO chairman Fadel Mohammed Al Sharaf said it was ready to help. "We are ready to provide assistance," Al Sharaf said in a meeting with Jumhur in Kuwait on Monday night.
In the January-July 2008 period, according to the Indonesian embassy, 12,205 Indonesian workers had been placed in Kuwait, the third biggest after Saudi Arabia which has 75,770, and the United Arab Emirates 14,191 in the same period.
At home, Indonesian companies have begun entering the difficult phase. Kadin chairman for fiscal and monetary affairs Bambang Soesatyo said on Tuesday that about 200,000 workers will be laid off in the coming six months in Indonesia as a result of the financial crisis. Many businesses in December 2008 are likely to announce minus profits.
Kadin General Chairman MS Hidayat said that labor-intensive companies had sent signals of layoffs. "This begins with placing workers at home because demand for products had been declining. This trend will increase next January where labor intensive industries have to be safeguarded," Hidyat said.
Attention must also be given to exporter companies as the main foreign exchange earners so that they would not be affected by the rupiah depreciation and would survive the 2009 crisis.
One of the factors that had begun to affect businesses is the depreciation of the rupiah against foreign currencies, the US dollar in particular. The rupiah has fallen to Rp12,000 per US dollar, even it happened to touch the Rp13,200 level.
The depreciation of the rupiah to the Rp13,200 per US dollar was the weakest one since the 1998 financial crisis when it was recorded at Rp16,800 per US dollar.
On the layoff issue, Bambang said the weakening of the rupiah hampered companies to boost their production. At the same time, demand for goods abroad was also declining.
Bambang said goods purchase contracts were to expire in December and many of them were not likely to be extended. Therefore, the number of trade contracts next year was expected to decline. As a result, production of goods at home would also drop.
The solution that could be made, he sad, was to generate infrastructure development to accommodate workers. The funds for infrastructure development are however taken from the state budget, whose absorption is rather slow.
"Up to November 2008, the absorption of the state budget was only 60 percent. About 90 percent of the state budget is kept in banks," he said.
The other solution, he said, was to increase cuts in the price of premium gasoline from Rp500 per liter to Rp1,500 per liter. The diesel oil price also needed to be cut by Rp1,000 per liter. "A cut to that extent will be significant in raising the purchasing power of the people," he added
Even though many workers are facing layoffs, those working with crude palm oil industries still could breathe fresh wind. Palm oil industry workers could still be safeguarded from layoffs despite the fact that demand for crude palm oil (CPO) has been declining since the second semester of 2008.
"I don`t think it is that easy for industries to lay off their workers because it would neither that easy for them to find suitable workers when the economic crisis has recovered," General Chairman of the Indonesian Oil Palm Businessmen Association (Gapki), Akmaluddin Hasibuan said.
He said that industries needed to carry out capital restructuring if they lay off their workers. Over the past few months, CPO industries have been facing difficulties due to the global financial crisis that had spread to various parts of the world.
Hasibuan said that layoffs is possible if the capital structure of industries was not strong. He said that factors in other countries should also be taken into account. "If the composition of the funds is 90 percent from banking credits, the industries concerned will face problems because they would bear a too heavy burden," he said.
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Indonesian workers facing massive layoffs
By Andi Abdussalam
(ANTARA News) - Hundreds of thousands of Indonesian workers at home and abroad are facing the threat of losing their jobs as a result of the global financial crisis. At home about 200,000 will likely be laid off shortly. In Malaysia, the main destination of Indonesian migrant workers, at least 300 thousands are facing the same fate, while hundreds of others are waiting repatriation from Kuwait.
"We have to make all-out efforts to prevent massive layoffs," General Chairman of the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Kadin) Ms Hidayat said on Monday. He said he had witnessed that the economic recession in the United States had really taken place. Thus, labor intensive industries at home need to make all-out efforts in order to prevent massive layoffs.
In Malaysia about 3,000 Indonesian migrant workers are facing the same fate. According to Indonesian Ambassador to Malaysia Dai Bachtiar, about 300 thousand Indonesian workers (TKIs) would likely face layoffs due to the on-going global economic recession.
"I am concern with Indonesian workers employed in Malaysian companies whose number reaches 300 thousands," the ambassador said. According to him, the impact of the global economic crisis has not yet been felt by most of Indonesian migrant workers who are bound with work contracts. But workers at Malaysian companies will face the impact if demand for the companies` production fall.
Therefore the ambassador expressed concern over Indonesian workers at Malaysian companies. Those working as domestic helpers and are bound by work contracts will not be much affected. "But this all will depend on the policy of the Malaysian government," the ambassador said.
In the meantime, at least 380 Indonesian migrant workers are facing repatriation in Kuwait. They are now placed at the Indonesian embassy. They are among Indonesian problematic workers in that country.
In order to help their repatriation, Moh Jumhur Hidayat, Head of National Workers Protection and Placement Overseas (BNP2TKI), flew to Kuwait to meet the problematic TKIs.
Luckily, the Kuwait Union of Domestic Labor Office (KUODLO) has promised to help repatriate about 380 problematic Indonesian workers now being placed at the Indonesian Embassy.
KUODLO chairman Fadel Mohammed Al Sharaf said it was ready to help. "We are ready to provide assistance," Al Sharaf said in a meeting with Jumhur in Kuwait on Monday night.
In the January-July 2008 period, according to the Indonesian embassy, 12,205 Indonesian workers had been placed in Kuwait, the third biggest after Saudi Arabia which has 75,770, and the United Arab Emirates 14,191 in the same period.
At home, Indonesian companies have begun entering the difficult phase. Kadin chairman for fiscal and monetary affairs Bambang Soesatyo said on Tuesday that about 200,000 workers will be laid off in the coming six months in Indonesia as a result of the financial crisis. Many businesses in December 2008 are likely to announce minus profits.
Kadin General Chairman MS Hidayat said that labor-intensive companies had sent signals of layoffs. "This begins with placing workers at home because demand for products had been declining. This trend will increase next January where labor intensive industries have to be safeguarded," Hidyat said.
Attention must also be given to exporter companies as the main foreign exchange earners so that they would not be affected by the rupiah depreciation and would survive the 2009 crisis.
One of the factors that had begun to affect businesses is the depreciation of the rupiah against foreign currencies, the US dollar in particular. The rupiah has fallen to Rp12,000 per US dollar, even it happened to touch the Rp13,200 level.
The depreciation of the rupiah to the Rp13,200 per US dollar was the weakest one since the 1998 financial crisis when it was recorded at Rp16,800 per US dollar.
On the layoff issue, Bambang said the weakening of the rupiah hampered companies to boost their production. At the same time, demand for goods abroad was also declining.
Bambang said goods purchase contracts were to expire in December and many of them were not likely to be extended. Therefore, the number of trade contracts next year was expected to decline. As a result, production of goods at home would also drop.
The solution that could be made, he sad, was to generate infrastructure development to accommodate workers. The funds for infrastructure development are however taken from the state budget, whose absorption is rather slow.
"Up to November 2008, the absorption of the state budget was only 60 percent. About 90 percent of the state budget is kept in banks," he said.
The other solution, he said, was to increase cuts in the price of premium gasoline from Rp500 per liter to Rp1,500 per liter. The diesel oil price also needed to be cut by Rp1,000 per liter. "A cut to that extent will be significant in raising the purchasing power of the people," he added
Even though many workers are facing layoffs, those working with crude palm oil industries still could breathe fresh wind. Palm oil industry workers could still be safeguarded from layoffs despite the fact that demand for crude palm oil (CPO) has been declining since the second semester of 2008.
"I don`t think it is that easy for industries to lay off their workers because it would neither that easy for them to find suitable workers when the economic crisis has recovered," General Chairman of the Indonesian Oil Palm Businessmen Association (Gapki), Akmaluddin Hasibuan said.
He said that industries needed to carry out capital restructuring if they lay off their workers. Over the past few months, CPO industries have been facing difficulties due to the global financial crisis that had spread to various parts of the world.
Hasibuan said that layoffs is possible if the capital structure of industries was not strong. He said that factors in other countries should also be taken into account. "If the composition of the funds is 90 percent from banking credits, the industries concerned will face problems because they would bear a too heavy burden," he said.
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Viral Linking Tag..... (for everyone)
Fahmi Rizwansyah says:
Hi all..! I've got this Viral Linking Tag from my friend TyasJetra. They said this tag will make our blog get higher PR faster.. So I think, why don't we try it? And let's see what will happen in next PR update..!
{Start Copy Here}
I want to give this tag to my friends : Anna 'd , Angga 'Figata', Mocca-Chi, Vivie, Wee-Sweety, Deny Rendra.
Beside those mentioned above, I will also give this tag to everyone who has come and see this tag post. It's up to you if you want to accept this or not, but I assure you, we should try it! Why not?
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Hi all..! I've got this Viral Linking Tag from my friend TyasJetra. They said this tag will make our blog get higher PR faster.. So I think, why don't we try it? And let's see what will happen in next PR update..!
{Start Copy Here}
Rules:
1. Copy paste from {Start Copy Here} to {End Copy Here}
2. Please link back to the person who tagged you and PASS this tag to many of your friends
3. If you have more than one blog, please post this to all of your blogs, the more the merrier.
4. The use of NO FOLLOW on links is not allowed, Let’s all be fair!
5. Remember to come back here at JENNY TALKS (pls don’t change this link) and leave the exact post url so I can add you to the master list to help increase our rankings and improve our Technorati Authority.
6. Spread the virus.. oooopps I mean the VIRAL LINKING and happy blogging!
BLOGGERS:
#1. Scraps & Shots #2. Simply Jen 3. This and That 4. Fab & Chic Finds 5.A Slice of Life 6. Jenny Talks 7.Tech Stuff Plus 8. Food on the Table 9. Aussie Talks 10. When Mom Talks 11. Moments of My Life 12. My Crossroads 13. A Life in Bloom 14. Because Life is a Blessing 15. Digiscraptology 16. BLOGSILOG 14.Cherry’s Comfort Zone 15. DigiScrapz: Captured Memories 16. Buzzy Me 17. Fab Finds, Etc. 18. Thinking Out Loud 19. Wishing and Hoping 20. PRC Board Exam Results 21. Jobs Abroad 22. My Blog Portfolio17.Race Corner 18. Hot Cam 19. Digital Camera 20. All Kinds of Me Stuff 21. Ink Baby Studios 22.The Salad Caper 23. Winding Creek Circle 24. Aggie Scraps 25. Hot-Gadget26. Digital Gadget 27.Gandacious 28. Blog Resources 29. Folcreative 30. Fresh Gadget 31. Rumination Under The Clouds 32.Consciously Think 33. Sprawt 34. Gadget Gallery 35. Geekyology 36. When Mom Speaks 37. Rumination38. Amiable Amy 39. Captured on Time 40. Pit of Gadgetry 41. Me and Mine 42. Little Peanut 43. Creative in Me 44. Around the world 45. Pea in a Pod 46. For the LOVE of Food 47. Music of My Heart 48. It’s Where the Heart Is 49. Blog in to Space 50. A Mothers Horizon 51. Simply me 52. Whats Up 53. Comedy Plus 54.Lovin’ Life 55.Ozzy’s Mom 56. Apple and Candie 57. I was once lost in love 58. Pinay in Love 59. Pau’s Big Thoughts 60. Twisted Angel 61. Hailey’s Beat and Bits 62. Living A’ La Mode 63. Bits and Pieces 64. Honey and Daisy 65. Pinay Ads 66. Great Kingkay 66. It’s Naptime 67. Lisgold 68. Signe Says 69. Thomas Web Links 70. Thomas Travel Tales 71. Nita’s Corner 72. Great Finds and Deals 73. Nita’s Ramblings 74.Batuananons 75. Filipino Online Community 76. Healthy Living and Lifestyle 77. CompTechGadgets 78.Nita’s Random Thoughts 79. Make Money Online 80. Erlinda’s Wandering Thoughts 81. Kitty’s haven 82.This and That 83. Shoppaholic girly 84. My Life in this Wonderful World 85. My Online World 86. Joys in Life 87. Journey in Life 88. Tere’s World 89. Jean’s Live it Up 90. Muzikistah 91. Maharot 92. SUPASTAH!93.Life is a constant journey 94.Amazingly Me 70. Treeennndddzzz 96. otwarteInfo’s 98. AdventureSage 99. in-Tech Revolution 100. LovingMore 101. From Melissa’s Desk 102. denz Recreational 103. Network of Combined Ideas 104. Sheltered Not Shattered 105. Mommying on the Fly 106. Me, Myself and Darly 107. Stay at Home Mom 108. Harmony in Motion 109. My Happy Thoughts 110. Mommyhood is Thankless 111. Life is Random. SO.I.AM 112.Life’s sweet and spices 113. Rainbow Colored Me 114. My Oweini Life 115. All About Mye Life 116. Is it Bedtime Yet 117. Super Coupon Girl 118. My Life…. My Journey 119. Project Wicked Blogs and Reviews 120. Life According To Me 121. WilStop 122. I Love Pixels 123. Cellulitic Bliss 124.Underneath It All 125. Momstart 126. Pinaymama’s Diary 127. My Heart 4 Him 128. 1StopMom 129.Random Chronicles 130. Maeyonnaise 131.Blessings in Life 132. Survivor Mom 133. Sharing my Thoughts134. Beautiful Language 135. Medical Updates 136. Living in One Income 137. Mommy Elvz 138.elymac&frendz 139. BeinG mYselF 140. Love’s Haven 141. Mi Mundo Del Amor 142. Budiawan Hutasoit. 143. Mr6ta 144. Kios Info 145. Lyla 146. Arielz 147.Blogger Source148.Belajar ngeBlog 149. Ningtyas 150. My Learning Days 151. Tyas Jetra 152. Frizzy2008 Tips
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I want to give this tag to my friends : Anna 'd , Angga 'Figata', Mocca-Chi, Vivie, Wee-Sweety, Deny Rendra.
Beside those mentioned above, I will also give this tag to everyone who has come and see this tag post. It's up to you if you want to accept this or not, but I assure you, we should try it! Why not?
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Aktifitas tukang foto amatir
Fahmi Rizwansyah says:
Beberapa waktu lalu, aku ikut temen2 tukang hobi motret amatir. Ternyata menyenangkan juga melelahkan, termasuk si modelnya juga.
Emang dasarnya newbie, hasil jepretan aku brantakan semua...hahaha
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Beberapa waktu lalu, aku ikut temen2 tukang hobi motret amatir. Ternyata menyenangkan juga melelahkan, termasuk si modelnya juga.
Biar lelah tapi menyenangkan
Fotografer dan modelnya sama-sama kebanyakan action.
Emang dasarnya newbie, hasil jepretan aku brantakan semua...hahaha
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Arsip foto pernikahan putri Chrisye
Fahmi Rizwansyah says:
Kemarin lagi main2 ke rumah bokap, trus buka2 notebooknya. Eh dapat arsip foto2 pernikahan putrinya Chrisye dengan sepupuku 'Angal' aka Yanuar.
Untuk artikelnya lihat link2 ini ya:
Om Adrie Subono menjadi saksi pernikahan
Acaranya sederhana nan syahdu, karena kedua bapak mempelai sama-sama sudah tiada
Yang ini sih cuma numpang ngetop aja...
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Kemarin lagi main2 ke rumah bokap, trus buka2 notebooknya. Eh dapat arsip foto2 pernikahan putrinya Chrisye dengan sepupuku 'Angal' aka Yanuar.
Untuk artikelnya lihat link2 ini ya:
- http://selebriti.indonesiaselebriti.com/selebriti/index.php?modul=selebriti&catid=358658405416
- http://www2.kompas.com/ver1/Hiburan/0708/13/051555.htm
- http://cybertainment.cbn.net.id/cbprtl/Cybertainment/detail.aspx?x=Showbiz+News&y=Cybertainment|0|0|2|4629
- http://www.detikhot.com/read/2007/04/01/230754/761481/230/chrisye-tiada-putri-tetap-menikah
Om Adrie Subono menjadi saksi pernikahan
Acaranya sederhana nan syahdu, karena kedua bapak mempelai sama-sama sudah tiada
Yang ini sih cuma numpang ngetop aja...
Semoga menjadi perkawinan yang indah, langgeng, sakinah ma wa'dah wa rahmah.
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Executive Musholla?
Fahmi Rizwansyah says:
Ini ide pintar atau bodoh ya??? Kok ada Executive Musholla di Senayan City...
Cheers, frizzy2008.
Ini ide pintar atau bodoh ya??? Kok ada Executive Musholla di Senayan City...Cheers, frizzy2008.
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